American Heritage Indo-European Roots Appendix
Calvert Watkins’s appendix tracing English words back to their Indo-European roots.
Etymology and Word Origins
Where words come from: etymological dictionaries, word histories and phrase origins. Select an image or name to visit the site.
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Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
The standard Old English dictionary, searchable online from Charles University in Prague.
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Jonathon Green’s historical dictionary of English slang, with dated citations.
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Historical Thesaurus of English
The University of Glasgow’s thesaurus of English words arranged by meaning across their history.
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The History of English Podcast
Kevin Stroud tells the story of English from its Indo-European roots onward.
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The University of Texas’s lexicon of Indo-European roots and their descendants.
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Samuel Johnson’s 1755 and 1773 Dictionary of the English Language, page by page.
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Klein’s Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language
Ernest Klein’s etymological dictionary of 1966, to read at the Internet Archive.
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The University of Michigan’s Middle English Dictionary, with its texts and bibliography.
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An Old English word at a time, with its meaning, roots and examples from the literature.
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The historical dictionary of English, tracing each word’s meanings through dated quotations.
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