The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, with usage notes and word histories.
Dictionaries and Reference
Dictionaries, thesauruses and other reference works, current and historical. Select an image or name to visit the site.
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American Heritage Indo-European Roots Appendix
Calvert Watkins’s appendix tracing English words back to their Indo-European roots.
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Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
The standard Old English dictionary, searchable online from Charles University in Prague.
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Cambridge University Press’s dictionaries of English, with British and American pronunciations.
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Collins’s English dictionary and thesaurus, built from its corpus of current usage.
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Dictionaries of the Scots Language
The two great historical dictionaries of Scots, from the twelfth century to the present.
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Dictionary of American Regional English
DARE, the dictionary of words and phrases that differ from region to region across the United States.
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Jonathon Green’s historical dictionary of English slang, with dated citations.
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Historical Thesaurus of English
The University of Glasgow’s thesaurus of English words arranged by meaning across their history.
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Samuel Johnson’s 1755 and 1773 Dictionary of the English Language, page by page.
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Klein’s Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language
Ernest Klein’s etymological dictionary of 1966, to read at the Internet Archive.
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LSJ: Thesaurus Linguae Graecae
The Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek–English Lexicon, searchable online from the TLG.
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Definitions, a thesaurus and word histories from America’s oldest dictionary publisher.
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The University of Michigan’s Middle English Dictionary, with its texts and bibliography.
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The historical dictionary of English, tracing each word’s meanings through dated quotations.
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The Bavarian Academy’s great Latin dictionary, free to read in its published volumes.
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